Cooling system



March 29, 1932.

S. W. RUSH MORE COOLING SYSTEM Filed June 7, 1930- INVENT Jamaal if.

OR v fla /5mm BY 2 g ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 29, 1932 UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE COOLING SYSTEM Application filed June 7, 1930. Serial-Ho.459,692.

. My present invention relates to cooling systems adapted for use withinternal combustion engines and particularly to those adapted to operateby the boiling and condensing cycle. In some aspects it may beconsidered as an improvement or rather as a difierent and improvedsolution of some of the problems involved in practical operation of theapparatus shown in my. prior Patent v 1,378,724, granted May 17,1921.

In the above and many of my subsequent patents, a characteristic featureis that boiling water or steam from the water jacket of the engine isdischarged into the base of the radiator so that in full operation thecooling is by upflow of steam, with more or less of the boiling waterinto the core or honeycomb of the radiator. One of the difliculties isthat whenever the cooling system is oper- 0 ated under full loadconditions, which may result from, idling with an insuflicient fan, longcontinued high speed operation or heavy load operation or operation invery hot weather or in high altitudes, the steam and boiling waterdischarged in the base of the radiator causesbubbling and foaming tosuch an extent that too much of the water is driven upward through thecore or honeycomb, thereby leavinginsufficientwater for circulationthrough the water jacket.

In my later Patent 1,501,065, granted July 15, 1924, this situation wasrecognized and the improvement of that patent consists in arranging totrap the water thus blown up through the honeycomb, in a relativelylarge chamber in the top of the radiator and providing a shunt returnpipe whereby such water automaticall flows back to the intake of thepump, the own-comer pipe thus affording a shunt circuit whereby thispart of the water passes serially from the bottom of the radiator upthrough the top thereof and back to the pump intake. In this case, thereis a check valve in the main pump intake from the bottom of the radiatorso that all the water thus blown into the top of the adiator must goback to. the intake of the ump and cannot return to the bottom of theadiator except by way of the water jacket.

As in my Patent 1,694,397, granted De-.

enough to blow the water up through t e down-comer pipe as well as thenormal upflow pipe, thereby making matters worse.

My present invention relates to the same problems, but affords adifferent solution. The water and steam from the top of the water jacketare discharged into the base of the radiator as before, but the onlyreturn path for the water is from the top tank of the radiator,preferably from a point substantially above the bottom of said tank andpreferably about the level of the top of the water jacket of.the engineso that a'very substantial depth of water must be stored in the top tankbefore it submerges the intake of the pump. In the present case, thehorizontal section of the top tank is great enoughso that the amount aswell as the depth of the water in the tank, is very substantial, but aswill be explained, it is the high and resulting water level in the uppertank that is important. This is in contrast to my said Patent 1,501,065,in which latter the water is trapped in the upper tank and the shuntpath for water therefrom drains from the bottom thereof.

Thus, the present invention involves connecting the pump intake to theupper tank of the radiator at above the normal or cold level of thewater in the system, so that while the engine is heating up there willbe no water sent to the jacket by the pump and heating'up "m willtherefore be more rapid than in any of the systemsof my prior patents.When the boiling begins and long before there can be any danger; ofover-heating, the water levelin the top tank will rise and thereafterthe pump will receive water, so long as conditions cause the water toremain above the level of the intake.

The intake of water will begin only after the boilin is well under wayand any tendency to chlll the jacket below the boiling point tion willbe more evident from the following description in connection with theaccompanying drawing, in whlch:

The figure is a side elevation, partly m section, showing my system asapplied to an automobile engine and radiator. Y

In this drawing, the motor is conventionally indicated as including theusual crank case 1 and cylinder block 2, the upper parts of which areenclosed by water jacket 3. The water cooling system is conventionallyindicated as including the radiator 4,\ located as usual on the samelevel with the motor and directly in front of it, so that the lower partof the radiator is below the level of the water jacket of the motor. Thecirculation of the water from the top tank 15 of the radiator is througha pipe 5 to pump 6, the latter being preferably driven from the engineat directly proportionalspeed. The pump is indicated as being a gearpump, but this is merely to illustrate that the pump is one adapted toreceive the water and force it into the water jacket against frictionand any back pressure discharges through a pipe 7, preferably into thetop of the water jacket 3, whence the path of flow is through a riseroutlet 8, and downwardly extending return pipe 9 which discharges intothe bottom tank 12 of the radiator.

The pipe 7 contains a check valve 10 to insure against back flow ofwater or steam such as might otherwise occur under operating conditionsI when the engine and pump are stopped. This valve islocated asubstantial distance above the level of the pump 6, so that the outputside of the pump will always be submerged in a substantial amount ofwater, even when the intake of the pump is above the water level forconsiderable periods of time. This keeps the pump primed and lubricated.

' The return pipe 9 discharges through a horizontal portion which mayextend lengthwise of the lower tank 12 of the radiator and may terminatein a discharge device 14, which may consist of many layers of gauze, asdescribed in said Patent 1,694,397.

As shown, the core or honeycomb 16 is of less height than customary inpresent-day automobile radiators, and the upper tank 15 is very muchhigher, the proportions of core and upper tank being more nearly such asindicated in my said Patent 1,501,065.

In general, the bottom of the upper tank 15 is substantially below thedesired initial level of water in the engine jacket 3, when the latteris full; the intake level 5a is substanthe object being to have a verysubstantial storage space into which a substantial part of thetotal'water of the system may rise above taln 5a under extremeconditions of hightemperature, hard-boiling. The tank may be providedwith the usual filler closure 18 and waste overflow pipe 17.

For convenience, I prefer to provide a cock 20 at the desired normal orcold water level in the systenf, which is ordinarily the top of thewater jacket cavity of the engine. This cock may be open when the systemis to be filled with water so that the operator may observe when thedesired water level is reached and particularly may be able to drain offany excess incidentally introduced. Except during filling, the cockremains closed.

In a particular case, the tank 15 was about 10 inches high, the testcock 20 about 2 inches above the bottom thereof and the intake 5a about2 inches above the test cock; As before explained, the only water to beheated when the engine is started is the water in the jacket 3, of theengine. This quickly comes to boiling and steam only is discharged intothe bottom tank 12 until all the water in the core has been heated toboiling and the steam evolution has become great enough to create alively bubbling upflow of steam in the narrow passages of the core,thereby lifting water upward and raising the level of the water abovethe intake 5a.

This warming up period involves no hazard and does not require that thenormal level of water at starting be as high as the test cock 20. Inpractice, the range of water rise and fall is so wide that with theengine running idle, below the test cock, still so long as any waterremains or appears in the top tank 15, the amount boiling ofi by theengine before there can be any danger of running dry will be sufficientto insure boiling in the radiator and rise of the level above pumpintake, 5a, it being a fact that so long as any appreciable amount ofwater remains in the engine jacket, the engine will not overheat.

1. An internal combustion engine having a water jacket and a watercooling system therefor, including aradiator comprising a low leveldistributor tank of relatively small volume, an intermediate air cooledcore having relative thin passages for upfiow of fluid to be cooled andan upper tank of substantially greater vertical height and greatervolume than said lower tank, extending belowand a substantial distanceabove the normal level of the water in the engine jacket; conduit meansleading from the top of the engine jacket and discharging substantiallyall the steam and water from said jacket into said low level distributorin upflow relation to the bottom of said core and a water pumpdischarging into said jacket and having its tank having relatively largestorage capaclty.

2. An internal combustion engine having a water jacket and a watercooling system therefor, including a radiator comprising a low leveldistributor tank of relatively small volume, an intermediate air cooledcore having relatively thin assages for upflow of fluid to be cooled andan upper tank of substantially greater vertical height and cater volumethan said lower tank, extending below and a substantial distance abovethe normal level of the water in the engine jacket;

-' conduit means leading from the top of the engine jacket anddischarging substantially all the steam and water from said jacket intosaid low level distributor in upflow relation to the bottom of said coreand a water pump discharging into said jacket and having its intakeconnected to the upper tank at a point a suflicient distance above thenormal water level therein so that it will not take water except whenand while active bubbling and steam production in the water jacket isforcing water upward through the core into the upper tank and holding itat or above the level of said intake; the upper part of said upper tankhaving relatively large storage capacity and an overflow drainage cocklocated a substantial distance below the level a of said pump intake, toprevent filling of the system to the level of said intake.

3. An internal combustion engine having a water jacket and a watercooling system therefor, including a radiator comprising a low leveldistributor tank of relatively small volume, an intermediate air cooledcore having relatively thin passages for upflow of fluid to be cooledand an upper tank of substantially greater vertical height and greatervolume than said lower tank, extending below and a substantial distanceabove the normal level of the water in the engine jacket; conduit meansleading from the top of the engine jacket and discharging substantiallyall the steam and water from said jacket into said low level distributorin upflow relation to the bottom of said core and a water pumpdischarging into said jacket and having its intake connected to theupper tank at a point a suificient distance above the normal water leveltherein so that it will not take water except when and while activebubbling and steam production in the water jacket is forcing waterupward through the core into the upper tank and holding it at or abovethe level of said intake, and an overflow drainage cock located asubstantial distance below the level of said pump .therefor, including aradiato intake, to prevent filling of the system to the level of saidintake. Y

4. An internal combustion engine having a water jacket and a watercooling system r comprising a low level distributor tank of ,relativelysmall volume, an intermediate air cooled core having relatively thinpassages for upflow of flllld to be cooled an an upper tank ofsubstantially greater vertical height than said lower tank extending arelatively great dis tance above the normal level of the water in theengine jacket; and auxiliary water circulating means including conduitmeans leading from the top of the engine jacket and dischargingsubstantially all the steam and water from said 'acket into said lowlevel distributor in up ow relation to the bottom of said core an awater pump discharging mto said jacket and having intake means fordrawing water from the upper tank, said means being designed andarranged to prevent intake of water by thepump except when and whileactive bubbling and steam production in the water jacket is forcingwater upward throu h the core into the upper tank and is holdi g it at apredetermined high level in said tank.

5. An internal combustion engine having a water jacket and a watercooling system therefor, including avradiator comprising a low leveldistributor tank of relatively small volume, an intermediate air cooledcore having relatively thin passages for upflow of fluid to be cooledand an upper tank of substantially greater vertical height than saidlower tank extending a relatively great distance above the normal levelof the water in the engine jacket; and auxiliary water circulating meansincluding conduit means leading from the top of the engine jacket anddischarging substantially all the'steam and water from said jacket intosaid low level distributor in upflow relation to the bottom of Y saidcore and a water pump discharging into said jacket and having intakemeans for drawiii water from the upper tank, said means eing designedand arranged to prevent intake of water by the pump except when andwhile active bubbling and steam production in the water jacket isforcing water upward through the core into the upper tank and is holdingit at a predetermined high level in said tank; the upper part of saidupper tank having relatively large storage capacity.

6. An internal combustion engine having a water jacket and a watercooling system therefor, including a radiator comprising a low leveldistributor tank of relatively small volume, an intermediate air cooledcore hav-- ing relatively thin passages for upflow of fluid to be cooledand an upper tank of substantially greater vertical height and greatervolume than said lower tank, extending below and a substantial distanceabove the normal level of the water in the engine jacket; conduit meansleading from the top of the engine jacket and dlscharging substantiallyall the steam and water from said jacket into said low level distributorin upfiow relation to the bottom of said core and a water pumpdischarging into said jacket and having its intake connected to theupper tank at a point a suflicient distance above the normal water leveltherein so that it will not take water except when and While activebubbling andsteam production in the water jacket is forcing water u wardthrough the core into the upper tan and holding it at or above the levelof said intake.

Signed at New York, in the'county of New York and State of New York,this 4th day of June, A. D. 1930.

SAMUEL W. RUSHMORE.

